Hiram M. CHRISTIAN

Male 1884 -


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Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Hiram M. CHRISTIAN was born ca 1884, McDowell Co. WV (son of Nathaniel Robert CHRISTIAN and Comfort Daniels).

    Hiram married Eva Cline 06 Mar 1909, Mingo Co. WV. Eva was born 19 Feb 1893, West Virginia; died 22 Jan 1958, Mingo Co. WV. [Group Sheet]

    Notes:

    Married:
    West Virginia Vital Records
    http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_view.aspx?Id=10331799&Type=Marriage

    Children:
    1. Nettie CHRISTIAN was born 16 Jul 1910, West Virginia; died 06 Nov 1986, Mingo Co. WV.

Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Nathaniel Robert CHRISTIAN was born 1847, Tazewell Co. VA (son of Mastin Harman CHRISTIAN and Margaret Maria (Peggy) Robinette); died 1892, Tazewell Co. VA.

    Notes:

    1880 United States Federal Census
    Name: Nathan R. Christen [Nathaniel R. Christian]
    Age: 34
    Birth Year: abt 1846
    Birthplace: Virginia
    Home in 1880: Peters Creek, Pike, Kentucky
    Race: White
    Gender: Male
    Relation to Head of House: Self (Head)
    Marital Status: Married
    Spouse's Name: Comfort Christen
    Father's Birthplace: Virginia
    Mother's Birthplace: Virginia
    Occupation: Farmer
    Household Members:
    Nathan R. Christen 34
    Comfort Christen 30
    Daniel Christen 13
    Luvicey Christen 11
    Richard Christen 9
    Margaret Christen 7
    Mary Christen 5
    Charley Christen 4
    Hiram Christen 2
    Moses Christen 6 months

    May have been murdered by his son Richard

    Source: http://genforum.genealogy.com/daniels/messages/1352.html
    "Apparently, Nathaniel Robert Christian was murdered by his oldest son who hit him in the head with an ax while he was sleeping. He [Richard] went to prison."

    Nathaniel married Comfort Daniels 25 Jul 1867, Pike Co. KY. Comfort was born ca 1848, Pike Co. KY; died Aft 21 Jun 1940, West Virginia. [Group Sheet]


  2. 3.  Comfort Daniels was born ca 1848, Pike Co. KY; died Aft 21 Jun 1940, West Virginia.

    Notes:

    CENSUS RECORDS

    1850 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Daniels
    Age: 2
    Birth Year: abt 1848
    Birthplace: Kentucky
    Home in 1850: Pike, Kentucky
    Gender: Female in household of Rachel Daniels.
    Family Number: 555
    Household Members:
    Rachel Daniels 27
    Lewis Daniels 7
    Floyd Daniels 5
    Richard Daniels 4
    Comfort Daniels 2
    Margaret Daniels 1
    Elizabeth Daniels less than year
    Elizabeth Daniels 60 [probably her mother]

    1860 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Daniels
    Age in 1860: 12
    Birth Year: abt 1848
    Birthplace: Kentucky
    Home in 1860: District 1, Pike, Kentucky
    Gender: Female
    Household Members:
    Rachal Daniels 32
    Lewis Daniels 16
    Floyed Daniels 14
    Richard Daniels 13
    Comfort Daniels 12
    Margret Daniels 11
    Elizabeth Daniels 9
    Nancy Daniels 8
    Lydia Daniels 7
    Peter Daniels 6
    Patty Daniels 5
    Charles Daniels 3
    Henry Daniels 2
    Elizabeth Daniels 69

    [Note: Speculation on who was the father or fathers of Rachel Daniel's children.

    Source: http://genforum.genealogy.com/daniels/messages/1640.html
    I was recently told by another researcher that a Charles Mounts was listed as the father of at least one child. It was probably Comfort as half of my family remembers her as Comfort Mounts and the other half as Comfort Daniels.

    The WV death certificate of her daughter, Nannie Christian Jenkins, has her name as Comfort Mounts.

    http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_view.aspx?Id=2627819&Type=Death

    So Comfort's father is undetermined. She used the last name of Daniels for her marriage record.

    Source: http://genforum.genealogy.com/daniels/messages/1366.html
    It's always a possibility that Rachel married another Daniels, but I haven't found anything to show that. One researcher told me she found Gestus Murphey as the father of several of Rachel's children (records found in Frankfort, KY), but I've not been able to confirm that...

    1880 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Christen [Christian]
    Age: 30
    Birth Year: abt 1850
    Birthplace: Kentucky
    Home in 1880: Peters Creek, Pike, Kentucky
    Race: White
    Gender: Female
    Relation to Head of House: Wife
    Marital Status: Married
    Spouse's Name: Nathan R. Christian
    Father's Birthplace: Virginia
    Mother's Birthplace: Virginia
    Occupation: Works On Farm
    Household Members:
    Nathan R. Christen 34
    Comfort Christen 30
    Daniel Christen 13
    Luvicey Christen 11
    Richard Christen 9
    Margaret Christen 7
    Mary Christen 5
    Charley Christen 4
    Hiram Christen 2
    Moses Christen 6 months

    1900 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Christian
    Age: 46
    Birth Date: 1854
    Birthplace: West Virginia
    Home in 1900: North Fork, McDowell, West Virginia
    Race: White
    Gender: Female
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Marital Status: Widowed
    Marriage Year: 1869
    Years Married: 31
    Father's Birthplace: Virginia
    Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia
    Mother: number of living children: 11
    Mother: How many children: 16
    Household Members:
    Comfort Christian 46
    Moses Christian 19
    Lizzia Christian 16
    Noah Christian 14
    Thos Christian 11
    Willis Christian 9

    1910 United States Federal Census
    Name: Camfort Christain [Comfort Christian]
    Age in 1910: 65
    Birth Year: abt 1845
    Birthplace: West Virginia
    Home in 1910: Stafford, Mingo, West Virginia
    Race: White
    Gender: Female
    Relation to Head of House: Self (Head)
    Marital Status: Widowed
    Father's Birthplace: West Virginia
    Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia
    Household Members:
    Name Age
    Comfort Christain 65
    Thomas Christain 20
    Willis Christain 18
    Maud Christain 5 [possibly a granddaughter]

    1920 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Christian
    Age: 80
    Birth Year: abt 1840
    Birthplace: West Virginia
    Home in 1920: Sandy River, McDowell, West Virginia
    Race: White
    Gender: Female
    Relation to Head of House: Mother
    Marital Status: Widowed
    Father's Birthplace: West Virginia
    Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia
    Able to Read: No
    Able to Write: No
    Household Members:
    Noah Christian 34 [31]
    Martha Christian 26
    Russel Christian 10
    Mary Christian 8
    Herbert Christian 6
    Andrew Christian 3
    Ethel Christian 9 months
    Comfort Christian 80

    1930 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Christian
    Age: 90
    Birth year: 1840
    Birth place: Kentucky
    Home in 1930: Sandy River, McDowell, West Virginia
    Gender: Female
    Race: White
    Marital status: Widowed
    Relationship to head of household: Head
    Father's birthplace: Virginia
    Mother's birthplace: Kentucky

    1940 United States Federal Census
    Name: Comfort Christian
    Temporarily Absent: Yes
    Age: 112
    Gender: Female
    Race: White
    Birthplace: Kentucky
    Marital Status: Widowed
    Relation to Head of House: Head
    Home in 1940: Sandy River, McDowell, West Virginia
    Farm: Yes
    Inferred Residence in 1935: Sandy River, McDowell, West Virginia
    Residence in 1935: Same House
    Household Members:
    Comfort Christian
    Note: Other census information includes she is renting her home, she never attended school, she didn't work, and had no income. Her son Noah Christian lived next door to her. As to her age, she was at least 100 years old. We don't know who gave the information to the census taker since she was absent. But who ever provided the information, regarded her as ancient.

    NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

    McDowell Woman, 109, Given Pension By West Virginia.

    Oldest Person to Receive State Aid

    Mrs. Christian left home last November to Vote for Roosevelt.

    Charleston, W.Va., June 4 (AP)-Comfort Daniels Christian, 109 year old mountain woman who left her native fastnesses but once in the past forty years has a new claim to fame.

    She is the oldest person in West Virginia receiving a grant from the Public Assistance Department, it was disclosed today.

    Mrs. Christian, the mother of 16 children, first came into the public eye in 1932, when she left her little McDowell county cabin to vote for President Roosevelt.

    The records of the Public Assistance Department show she was born in Mingo county in 1828, before Andrew Jackson assumed the presidency and more than 20 years before the fist California gold rush.

    She lives one mile west of Panther, W.Va., on Panther Creek.
    The aged woman, her hair a snowy white and her face deeply furrowed was discovered by a party of Welch Kiwanis Club members who distributed Christmas baskets of food to residents of her section several years ago.

    Mrs. Christian has 84 grandchildren, 66 great-grandchildren and one great-great-grandchild.

    --------

    Welch Daily

    By Brenda West


    When the WDN Coal Edition was published March 30, one section featured an unidentified photo captioned "Way Back When" We printed the picture hoping someone in our circulation are could provide some information.

    By the following Monday morning the photo mystery was solved. Mrs. Ethel Christian Manes, 71 of Coon Branch near Ieager, said excitedly "That's my grandmother, Comfort Mounts Christian and the child on her lap is a granddaughter, Louis Christian Chafin of Matewan. I was just thrilled to see that in the paper after all these years!

    "The photograph was made when Granny went to vote for Roosevelt. I don't recall which election it was, but because of her age it was the first and last time she ever went to the polls. She wanted to voter for Roosevelt because he had been responsible for her receiving a pension check.

    Originally Published in 1936

    ---------------

    The old photo was used in connection with a news item pertaining to the reelection of President Franklin Roosevelt when he sought a second term in office. Roosevelt won by a sweeping victory. Publication date was Nov. 4 1936 and it reads as follows:

    Mrs. Comfort Christian, 109, went two miles to a voting booth at Panther election day, to cast her first vote. When she got there she was told that she had not been registered. Mrs. Christian remarked to precinct workers: 'I'll come back tomorrow.'

    The aged woman said she had always been registered a Republican, but that her husband , who had been dead 40 years, was a Democrat and she knew how he would have voted had he been alive. 'He would have voted for President Roosevelt,' she remarked. 'Because he is a good man and has helped me.'

    Mrs. Christian lives alone. Despite her age she works her small garden each year and looks after her house. She was taken to the voting place to cast her ballot by her son, Mose, who lives on Huff Creek.

    Mose said his mother had asked that she be taken to the voting place to cast her ballot. She said the reason she had never voted before was that she was registered a Republican and 'didn't want to vote opposite my husband.'"

    When Comfort's story appeared in the newspaper, she lived at Panther near the old Lathor Coal Co. tipple. Prior to that she was among the early homesteaders of Christian Ridge on the Wilmore side.

    During our phone conversation, Ethel revealed that all the family knew Comfort as "Granny." Stories of the bristly mountain woman's colorful lifestyle had persisted since her death nearly 50 years ago.

    Subsequently, Ethel invited me to her home to hear more. Cathy Patton, also a history buff, graciously accompanied me.

    Present that afternoon were Ethel's cousins, Pearl Moore of Matewan; Lucy Bailey, 74, of Hanover; her daughters, Deloise Morgan of Garden Gap and Janet Toler of Hanover.

    The latter two had scant knowledge of their family tree, and were eager to hear the tales unfold.

    After introduction, conversation began in earnest.

    "Granny was tiny but tough," said Lucy. "She had to be to raise a bunch of kids (12 of her own, and four grandchildren). She couldn't have been more than four and a half feet tall, but she was full of spunk.

    "Yeah," chimed in Ethel, "if you did something she didn't like, she took that cane you see in the picture and whacked you across the hand or on top of the head. Once when I climbed the fence to pick her gooseberries she took the cane to me. I never bothered the berries again," she added ruefully.

    "Hey do you recall how she would shake the grate in the stove and grab a live coal out of the bottom to light her pipe" queried Ethel.

    "Sure," answered her cousins. "Not only that, she would put the glowing ember back and never get burned."

    Ethel continued, "In the winter, Granny used to take flat irons,heat them the stove, and wrap them in wool to keep her feet warm at night. She always had a remedy for everything. Like when she wanted us kids to go home if we overstayed our welcome. She would tell us all kinds of scary things. Then we'd race for home, our feet barely touching the ground."

    "I loved how Granny used to spin the yarn about the near in the tree," reminisced Pearl. "One day she'd been out gathering chestnuts, her apron almost full. She was lost in thought, when all of a sudden she noticed the limbs in top of the tree just above her were shaking real hard. Granny said 'I looked up in that tree and there was the biggest bear I ever did see. I had woke him up. I was so scared, I forgot all about the chestnuts. I dropped everyone of 'em and got out of there quick as I could."

    "Granny wasn't scared of anything," Ethel emphasized. "She had a rough life, caring for such a large family, and under trying conditions. I've heard her talk about how she even crawled into a panther's cave to collect fur the animal had shed.

    "Old folks learned the habits of panthers, so they knew when the dens were empty. Granny would sneak in, grab the fur and scoot out. She wove the fur on a loom to make socks and other things. She also pieced a lot of quilts and raised all of her food."

    According to her descendants, Granny was as rugged as the land that sustained her. She endured bitter sorrow: tragically widowed while pregnant with twins; their subsequent still births; a son murdered while lodged in jail; another lost in a coal mining accident; her family's involvement in a clash similar to that of the Hatfield-McCoy feud.

    On two separate occasions Comfort suffered personal injury when struck by a shifter (slow moving coal engine). She had been picking up coal along the tracks where she lived. After her injuries healed, the feisty woman was forced to slow down, relying on a cane for mobility.

    Ethel laughed, "I used to watch fascinated when Granny marched out into her garden slinging weeds with a hoe in one hand and a cane in the other. She never let anything defeat her."


    Died:
    Have been unable to locate her death certificate in West Virginia Vital Records on line doing a search for all counties 1935 to 1945. Undocumented sources across the web put her death as 1941 in Ben Creek, Mingo Co. WV. At this point we know it was after 21 Jun 1940 when the census was taken, most likely in WV. But she could have died in KY in the household of one of her children.

    Notes:

    Married:
    "Kentucky Marriages, 1785-1979"; LDS Web Site.
    Nathaniel R. Christian; age 23; married Comfort Daniels; age 20 on 25 Jul 1857 in Pike Co, KY.

    Children:
    1. Daniel (Bud) CHRISTIAN was born Jan 1869, Pike Co. KY; died 24 May 1911, Williamson, Mingo Co. WV.
    2. Louvicy CHRISTIAN was born ca 1868, Pike Co. KY; died 16 Nov 1951.
    3. Richard (Dick) CHRISTIAN was born 1871, Pike Co. KY; died 25 Jun 1951, Lewis Co. WV; was buried , Panther, Mingo Co. WV.
    4. Margaret CHRISTIAN was born 1873, Pike Co. KY.
    5. Mary CHRISTIAN was born 1875, Pike Co. KY.
    6. Charles Wallace (Charley) CHRISTIAN was born 18 May 1874, Pike Co. KY; died 26 Sep 1963, Mingo Co. WV; was buried , Julius Scott Cemetery, Hardy, Pike Co. KY.
    7. Hiram CHRISTIAN was born 1878, Pike Co. KY.
    8. Moses John CHRISTIAN was born 14 Jun 1880, Tug River, WV; died 21 Dec 1959, Boone Co. WV; was buried , Byrnside Cemetery, Andrew, Boone Co. WV.
    9. Nannie CHRISTIAN was born 24 May 1881, Kentucky; died 21 Feb 1956, Princeton, Mercer Co. VA; was buried , McComas-Crotty Cemetery, Pinoak, Mercer Co. WV.
    10. Lizzie CHRISTIAN was born Aug 1883, West Virginia; died Aft 1900.
    11. 1. Hiram M. CHRISTIAN was born ca 1884, McDowell Co. WV.
    12. Noah CHRISTIAN was born 11 Mar 1887, Greenbrier Co. WV; died 20 Mar 1965, McDowell Co. WV; was buried , Panther, Mingo Co. WV.
    13. Thomas Everett (Tom) CHRISTIAN was born 12 Jun 1889, McDowell Co. WV; died 25 Jun 1968, Pike Co. KY.
    14. Willis (Willie) CHRISTIAN was born 01 Jul 1891, McDowell Co. WV.


Generation: 3

  1. 4.  Mastin Harman CHRISTIAN was born 8 Apr 1794, Wythe Co. VA (son of Thomas Bailey CHRISTIAN and Louisa HARMAN); died 28 Feb 1853, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co VA.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: 6027A1C5F72B4665B0C14A02C7FD6AE98E2B

    Notes:

    Record of divorce in 14 May 1851 between Mastin Christian and Jane Christian. In 1850 census he was living with Maria, age 40. Sally Christian, age 20 was living in the home as well in 1850.

    McDowell County in West Virginia and American History by Jean Battlo, page 478. "In 1880s Mastin Christian taught the Sandlick School in Adkins (later named Gary), a log house at the mouth of Sandlick Creek, near the old company store."

    CENSUS RECORDS

    1830 United States Federal Census
    Name: Masters Christian [Mastin Christian]
    Home in 1830 (City, County, State): Tazewell, Virginia
    Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2
    Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1
    Free White Persons - Under 20: 2
    Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
    Total Free White Persons: 4
    Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 4

    1840 United States Federal Census
    Name: Martin Christian [Mastin Christian]
    Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Tazewell, Virginia
    Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2
    Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1
    Persons Employed in Agriculture: 2
    No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 1
    Free White Persons - Under 20: 5
    Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
    Total Free White Persons: 7
    Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7

    1850 United States Federal Census
    Name: Mastin Christian
    Age: 50
    Birth Year: abt 1800
    Birthplace: Virginia
    Home in 1850: Western District, Tazewell, Virginia
    Gender: Male
    Family Number: 770
    Household Members:
    Mastin Christian 50
    Maria Christian 40
    Daniel Christian 26
    Hiram Christian 15
    Thos Christian 13
    Moses Christian 7
    Withers Christian 5
    Weston Christian 2
    Noah Burchfield 24 [son-in-law]
    Nancy Burchfield 18 [daughter]
    Sally Christian 20 [daughter-in-law, Sarah Mounts, new wife of Daniel as of August 20. The census is dated August 25. Apparently the newlyweds had not yet found their own place.]

    Land Grants
    Maston Christian - 30 Sept 1842
    Tazewell County
    50 a. On the head of Jonathan's branch waters of the Dry fork of Sandy River
    Grants No. 93, p. 342

    Maston Christian - 30 Sept 1842
    Tazewell County
    23 a. On the Long fork of Harmans branch waters of the Dry fork of Sandy River
    Grants No. 93, p. 343

    Maston Christian - 30 Sept 1842
    Tazewell County
    36 a. On the Dry fork of Sandy River and not far from mouth of said river
    Grants No. 93, p. 414

    Maston Christian - 31 Jan 1844
    Tazewell County
    60 a. At the mouth of Harmans branch waters of the Tug fork of Sandy River
    Grants No. 95, p. 111



    Birth:
    Indian Creek on the Clinch River in what is now Tazewell Co., VA

    Mastin married Margaret Maria (Peggy) Robinette 31 Aug 1831, Tazewell Co. VA. Margaret was born 1809, Wythe Co. VA; died Aft 1880, Tazewell Co. VA. [Group Sheet]


  2. 5.  Margaret Maria (Peggy) Robinette was born 1809, Wythe Co. VA; died Aft 1880, Tazewell Co. VA.

    Notes:

    1850 United States Federal Census
    Name: Maria Christian
    Age: 40
    Birth Year: abt 1810
    Birthplace: Virginia
    Home in 1850: Western District, Tazewell, Virginia
    Gender: Female [in household of her husband Mathias Harman Christian]
    Family Number: 770

    1860 United States Federal Census
    Name: Margaret Christian
    Age in 1860: 48
    Birth Year: abt 1812
    Birthplace: Virginia
    Home in 1860: District 13, McDowell, Virginia
    Gender: Female
    Post Office: Peeryville
    Household Members:
    Margaret Christian 48
    Nathan Christian 13
    Mastin Christian 10
    Louisa Christian 8
    Moses Christian 18
    Isaac D Simpson 21

    Children:
    1. Nancy CHRISTIAN was born 12 Dec 1832, Tazewell Co. VA; died 1902, Tazewell Co. VA.
    2. Hiram Harman Pythias CHRISTIAN was born 19 Oct 1835, Tazewell Co. VA; died 01 Jul 1917, McDowell Co. WV; was buried , Lomax Cemetery, Yukon, McDowell Co. WV.
    3. Mathias Harman CHRISTIAN, Jr. was born 1836, Tazewell Co. VA.
    4. Thomas Bailey CHRISTIAN was born 12 Apr 1838, Tazewell Co. VA; died 12 Feb 1906, Craigsville, Webster Co. WV.
    5. Moses Justice (Devil Mose) CHRISTIAN was born 1842, Tazewell Co. VA; died 09 Jan 1888, McDowell Co. WV.
    6. Withers (Witcher) CHRISTIAN was born 1845, Tazewell Co. VA; died 1851, Tazewell Co. VA.
    7. 2. Nathaniel Robert CHRISTIAN was born 1847, Tazewell Co. VA; died 1892, Tazewell Co. VA.
    8. Mastin George Dillon CHRISTIAN was born Apr 1848, Tazewell Co. VA; died 01 May 1922, Webster Co. WV.
    9. Louisa Lovelace (Lovis) CHRISTIAN was born 13 Aug 1851, Tazewell Co. VA.


Generation: 4

  1. 8.  Thomas Bailey CHRISTIAN was born 15 Mar 1770, Botetourt Co. VA (son of Thomas Mastin and Agnes); died Dec 1854, Tazewell Co VA.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: 1B2F7D19EF3A4A6AAA5034573786D67E53DF

    Notes:

    THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN WAS NOT A DESCENDANT OF CHIEF CORNSTALK.

    We know Thomas Bailey Christian (TBC) was orphaned and raised by Capt. Thomas Mastin, Sumner Co. TN. His parentage is the subject of much dispute among Christian researchers. One group says that Thomas Bailey Christian is the grandson of Chief Cornstalk and his father was Ellinipsico. Another group puts his parents as Nathaniel and Jane Christian with his ancestry going to the Isle of Man.

    DNA studies are underway of several Christian descendants. The initial result shows no Native American ancestry, but rather European and Scandinavian, indicating the Isle of Man connection.

    Kennith Simpson has been the leader in getting clarity the question of Christian DNA and Native American ancestry and of finding out more about Thomas Bailey Christian and Thoma Mastin. Kennith is a direct descendant of TBC on the "wrong side of the sheets" as his ancestor, Addison Christian, fathered a child out of wedlock.

    Kennith A. Simpson > son of Addison D. Simpson > son of
    Jerry Mastin Simpson > son of John Walden Simpson > son of
    Elizabeth Simpson and Unknown Father. [Notice how Christan names like Mastin and Addison are used in his Simpson family.]

    DNA, death certificate, and research indicates that the father was Addison "Attie" Bailey Christian > son of
    Mastin Harman "Shootekitehl" Christian > son of Thomas Bailey Christian.

    Kennith has written extensively about DNA testing and his test results on the Rootsweb Christian message board.

    THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN WAS NOT NATIVE AMERICAN

    "I am matched with Nathaniel Christian by DNA Y-Chromosome,both via Y-Search and Ancestry.Com, handed down from father to son etc. My Y-Search DNA match is with Nathaniel Christian from the G. Payne family tree. My Ancestry.Com matches me up with Nathaniel J. Christian from the Fred Christian DNA and in the Christian Family Tree.

    Posted: 20 Sep 2012 7:00PM GMT by Kennith Simpson on Rootsweb Christian Family message board.

    "It does appear that my assumptions are correct in that Addison "Attie" Bailey Christian was not Native American. If in fact Addison Christian was the grandson of Thomas Bailey "Cornstalk" Christian, then TBC was not the son of Elinipsico or Chief Cornstalk since the Y-DNA would have been handed down from father to son to grandson etc. However this does indicate that Thomas Bailey Kumskaka Christian Cornstalk was not NA.

    We both share the same Haplogroup R1B which is of European and West Asia ancestry. Native Americans are not in the R1B Haplogroup.

    While this does not show conclusive evidence that Addison "Attie" Bailey Chritian was my great, great, grandfather it does show that who ever it was, was a member of his family. My only conclusive evidence is of Course the Death Certificate naming Attie Christian as the father.

    What the Y-DNA test and the BETA Ethnicity test has been able to conclude is that I am descended from the Christian family, Tazewell Virginia and that there is no Native American blood in the male lines. This does not rule out the possibility of NA blood in the maternal or female lines."

    Posted: 31 Jan 2013 3:07 AM GMT by Kennith Simpson on Rootsweb Christian Family message board.

    FINAL CONFIRMATION: THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN WAS NOT NATIVE AMERICAN

    Kennith Simpson took a second DNA test form 23 and Me to confirm what Ancestry's test had indicated. Here are the results:

    Today I received my DNA test results back from 23 andMe. The test results confirm that there is no Native American DNA in my blood line on either side. Therefore any Native American ancestry in my family would only be possible if it is by marriage and not by actual blood line. Both ancestry.com and 23 and Me stipulate 0% NA DNA results in all of my tests. I am still waiting on the results for DNA matches and will keep everyone informed.

    What this means in a nutshell is that any one related to Thomas Bailey Christian the reported adopted son of Thomas Mastin would not be NA on the paternal side. Any Native American ancestry could only come down through the maternal side. Since the BETA ancestry test included both the maternal and paternal side it would also mean that Mastin Harman Christian nor his wife Jane McKinster had NA DNA. It would also mean that Louisa Katherine Harman did not carry any NA DNA. Any children of these men who had different mothers could still carry NA DNA from their maternal side.

    Me, my father Addison D. Simpson son of Jerry Mastin Simpson son of John Walden Simpson, son of Addison "Attie" Bailey Christian son of Mastin Christian, son of Thomas Bailey Christian, are not or were not of Native American Descent. Thomas Bailey Christian was not the son of Chief Cornstalk or his son Elinispisco, and his mother was not of NA ancestry either. BETA DNA testing would have shown any NA DNA on either side of Thomas Bailey Christian.

    Posted: 26 Nov 2013 3:01 AM GMT by Kennith Simpson on Rootsweb Christian Family message board.

    FINAL WORD: NO NATIVE AMERICAN DNA PERIOD

    Just to let everyone know that I have gotten other DNA matches, this time through the 23 and Me DNA testing. This has opened up a new problem however. Both the ancestry.com and the 23 and Me DNA BETA tests are ethnicity tests and help individuals determine their ethnicity. These test are not gender specific such as the Y-DNA and Mitochondrial DNA tests. The BETA test includes DNA findings for virtually every member of the family. Thus far I have not had a single match that shows any Native American DNA in any line of the families, male or female.

    I am now convinced beyond a doubt that Thomas Bailey Christian was not Native American nor was his mother. And most likely no relative was related via DNA to any Native American Tribe, but I do not rule out that some distant relatives may have been raised NA and considered themselves as such. Thus passing down from generation to generation their Native American Ancestry. I also believe that there are two kinds of Ancestry, that which is substantiated by DNA testing and passed down through our DNA and that which we associate with as being our ethnicity the group or heritage that we most commonly relate to.

    Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2014 21:55:51

    OTHERS MALES CHRISTIAN RESULTS

    "We now have three members of the TBC line that have taken at least one of the DNA test. Myself and Charlie have taken both the Y-DNA and the BETA DNA test. All tests show the same conclusion, NO NA DNA. Here is what is so good about this. You trace your line back to Thomas Scaggs Christian, Charlie goes back to Moses Christian and I go back to Mastin Christian. all are brothers, all are sons of Thomas Bailey Christian. Our big stumbling block now is connecting TBC Christian and Thomas Christian of Tazewell to the Christians of Charles City."

    Posted: Sat, 21 Dec 2013 13:32:30 by Kennith Simpson on Rootsweb Christian Family message board.

    ----------------------------

    THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN'S ANCESTRY GOES BACK TO THE ISLE OF MAN

    From Kennith Simpson:

    "I now have two verifiable matches from the BETA DNA test. One which does prove the connection with Charles City, Bedford Virginia area and one that does come back to Tazewell.

    This is all good because the Tazewell connection is from DNA. Matching DNA is an indication that Thomas Bailey Christian was not Indian and that his origins most likely does go back to Charles City or to a member of that family.

    The problem of narrowing it down is so difficult, because the Y-Chromosome DNA pertaining to the male line, pertains to all the male line. So, Thomas Bailey Christian would have the Christian DNA but he could have been born in Tazewell from a father or grandfather from Charles City. All male Christians from a single line would carry the same DNA but could come from many areas. The original Christian line that carries my DNA goes back to the Isle of Man and then to Scandinavia. some Christians of the same line can go back to Ireland, England or Scotland but be of the same origin. It depends on how far back you can trace your ancestors. Everyone that shares the same Y-Chromosome DNA will eventually end up at a single beginning. When I said I had yet to find any thing that will connect the Tazewell Christians with the Charles City Christians. I would prefer to have male Y-Chromosome DNA in order to make the connection but any DNA is better than none.

    May Elizabeth Christian is a direct descendent of Thomas Bailey Christian and a DNA match does connect the two branches, Tazewell and Charles City.

    This would be my first verifiable BETA match to Tazewell.
    The Young family DNA results connect the Charles City Christians with me. Elizabeth is my first match back to the old country through the BETA testing as opposed to the Y-Chromosome test.

    In a nutshell, Elizabeth is old Country England. Young connects me with Charles City May Christian connects me with the Tazewell branch. Both Young and May Christian share my DNA per BETA testing therefor the two branches do meet and are one."

    Posted: 10 Jan 2013 2:28PM GMT by Kennith Simpson on Rootsweb Christian Family message board.

    ------------------

    AGNES BRANCH PEARLMAN, FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY CHRONICLES: THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN IS NOT THE SON OF NATHANIEL CHRISTIAN AND JANE EWING

    Agnes Branch Pearlman, long-time Christian Family researcher and publisher of the Christian Family Chronicles, presented the best research that Thomas Bailey Christian of Tazewell County, VA is NOT the son of Nathaniel Christian and Jane Ewing, Thomas Ewing Christian.

    Below is her response to this question in a message posted December 31, 2000 at 10:19:53 on http://genforum.genealogy.com/christian/messages/1207.html.

    Mrs. Pearlman died 21 May 2010.

    I am posting her research and results so this misinformation will not be continued to be spread.

    "Dear Linda and other Christian Cousins:

    The following is being sent to all of you who received information that "Old Lewis' brother Nathaniel settled in Tazewell Co., VA . . ."

    Not so! Or at least I have never seen any evidence that would substantiate such a move. Indeed, I have written numerous letters within the last year showing that Nathaniel Christian's son Thomas was not the one who settled in Tazewell Co., VA. Where on earth is all this erroneous and dubious information coming from?

    Thomas Christian, progenitor of Tazewell Co., VA, was born about 1770?a boy of only 9 years of age when Nathaniel Christian's estate was settled in Montgomery Co., VA. A 9-year-old boy would have been too young to have served as security of his father's estate. Nathaniel Christian's son.

    Thomas, born about 1750-57, was one of the securities of Nathaniel's estate (along with Thomas' brother-in-law William Boydston); and, of course, as a 22 to 29-year-old was quite old enough to serve in such a capacity.

    Nathaniel's son Thomas was living in Cocke Co., TN, in 1830 at the same time the other Thomas was living in Tazewell Co., VA. The U. S. census as well as other records document their presence and approximate ages. It is my guess that because, as court records reveal, Thomas of Tazewell was "an orphan," someone simply assumed that he must have been Nathaniel's son, but that simply was not the case.

    As for Nathaniel Christian: Following are a few documented events of his life:

    Nathaniel was born between 1723-1733 since he was named as underaged son in 23 October 1743 Goochland Co., VA, will of father, Thomas Christian.

    Nathaniel married Jane (Ewing?) about 1747.

    Nathaniel's daughter Elizabeth Christian was born 1748.

    Nathaniel's son Thomas Christian was born 1750-57.

    Nathaniel was listed as tithe in Lunenburg Co., VA, in 1752 as was his brother Thomas.

    Nathaniel purchased 175 acres (of 225) on Cub Creek in Lunenburg Co., VA, 1 July 1754. Brother Thomas was witness to the purchase..

    Bedford Co., VA, was formed from part of Albemarle and Lunenburg 1753-4.

    Brother Thomas in Bedford Co., VA, by 25 November 1760.

    Nathaniel's son Isham was born about 1760.

    Nathaniel sold 175 acres on Cub Creek of Lunenburg Co., VA, 12 March 1762 with brother Thomas as witness.

    Nathaniel made entry of 400 acres in Bedford Co., VA, lower side south of Blackwater on Hastie's & Smith's lines beginning at Irwin's corner red oak under Smith's Mountain 28 February 1763.

    Nathaniel's son Anthony was born about 1765.

    Pittsylvania formed from Halifax adjacent Bedford 1766-7; county boundaries in state of flux for several years.

    Nathaniel was on list of tithables in Pittsylvania 1767.
    Nathaniel attended Bedford Co., VA, court in August 1768 (28 miles from home).

    Nathaniel entered 400 acres Poison Fork of Bull Run in Bedford Co., VA, adjacent his own lines & Swanson's 4 April 1769.

    Nathaniel's daughter Drucilla was born about 1769.

    Brother Thomas allowed 30 miles to Bedford Co., VA, Courthouse March 1771.

    Nathaniel living in Pittsylvania Co., VA, 22 July 1773
    [Note: Nathaniel's home location in Pittsylvania Co., VA, straddled Bedford Co., VA, near where his brother Thomas lived on Staunton River in Bedford.]

    Nathaniel was assigned 400 acres on East River below Five-Mile Fork, 3 Miles from Mouth in Montgomery Co., VA, by James Adair about 1777.

    Daughter Elizabeth married William Boydston 1777 in Montgomery Co., VA.

    In 1777/1778 Nathaniel Christian and William Boydston swore allegiance to Militia in Montgomery Co., VA.

    Sometime after 1777 and before November 1781, Nathaniel's brother Thomas died, apparently in Bedford Co., VA.

    Nathaniel died intestate and estate was administered in Montgomery Co., VA, 2 March 1779. Widow Jane was named as administrator with son Thomas and son-in-law William Boydston as security.

    As heir under laws of primogenitor, eldest son Thomas inherited 400 acres on East River in Montgomery Co., VA, which he assigned to brothers Isham and Anthony Christian 3 April 1786.

    By 18 September 1799 Nathaniel's son Thomas Christian was of Cocke Co., TN

    One final comment: I believe that the Thomas Christian of Tazewell Co., VA, was probably related in some way to this family; however, I do not have any documentation that proves such a connection. Was he perhaps a son of David Christian, another son named in the 1743 will of Thomas Christian?

    I welcome your input and evaluation of the above information.

    Agnes Branch Pearlman"

    ----------------

    THERE MAY BE A NATIVE AMERICAN CONNECTION THROUGH THE WOMEN WHO MARRIED INTO THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY

    The lack of connection to this Christian line has provided credence to an oral tradition handed down through several branches of Thomas Bailey Christian's descendants. So far there have been no Native American DNA from Thomas Bailey Christian's Y-DNA (Male line) from his descendants who have been tested through Ancestry.com.

    HOWEVER, Native American ancestry most likely was from MATERNAL lines who married into this Christian family, especially the Skaggs, Whitt, and Lester families. There is no doubt of contact with Native American culture through the long hunter ancestry of the Whitt, Skaggs, and Harman men. With these two influences, TBS and his children may have been given Native American names. TBCs' Native American name was "Kumskaka." Are these names accurate? Are they Cherokee or Shawnee in origin? Who are the sources for these names?

    I have made an editorial decision to keep these names rather than delete them because of the maternal lines as well as the cultural contacts.

    There is a very active Yahoo group discussing this ancestry at http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/nikitie/conversations/messages.

    According to James Red Wolf, after Chief Cornstalk and Ellinipsico were murdered at Point Pleasant. Ellinipsico's four children including his son Thomas Bailey were adopted by the Long Hunters. It now appears that TBC was not his son, but the other three may have been his children. Whatever the reason or circumstance, they came under the care or guardianship of Thomas Mastin and others.

    There is a lot of discussion on the Christian family forums on Rootsweb, Ancestry, and Genealogy.com about the possible parentage of Thomas Bailey Christian and Rachel Skaggs.

    Here is some of the discussion threads:
    http://www.genforum.familytreemaker.com/christian/messages/2898.html

    You can also search for more discussion at http://www.genforum.familytreemaker.com/christian/

    There has been no definitive proof on this, although Mr. Red Wolf alludes to "proof" in the Virginia State Archives, but has not shared any proof beyond oral history from one part of the Christian and Skaggs families. His family tree is available at

    http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=AHN&db=adkinsfam&id=I19526

    Other source:

    http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Thomas_Christian_%2813%29

    NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE DISCOUNTED

    Tales of Native American heritage were passed down to his descendants. His great-grandchild Sallie Christian Charles, grandaughter of Moses Bailey Christian, and daughter of John Christian and Clemmie Harman, applied to the Eastern Cherokee in 1908. Application #10464. In her application she spells his name "Mose." Her application was rejected.

    For more information about Cherokee genealogy, check out http://www.pollysgranddaughter.com. The following is from her article about Cherokee Wannabes. Since so much has been written about Moses' father, Thomas Bailey Christan, having Native American heritage, which has NOT been borne out by Y-DNA results or autosomal DNA results by any of his descendants.

    This site has excellent articles on how to prove Cherokee ancestry. http://www.pollysgranddaughter.com/2011/06/fortune-hunters-guion-miller-roll-and.html#comment-form

    The Guion Miller Roll is a list of Eastern Cherokee Indians who applied for compensation because of a 1906 lawsuit, and judgment in the tribe's favor in the United States Court of Claims on May 28, 1906, for them. This resulted in the appropriation of $1 million to the Tribe's eligible individuals and families. Newspapers were full of announcements that the Cherokees and/or Cherokee heirs would be receiving money anywhere from $5,000,000 to $11,000,000. Many times it was not made clear this was money for nearly the entire tribe but instead gave the impression that it was for specific families.

    To be approved for funds the individual must have:
    1. Been alive as of May 28, 1906
    2. Established that he/she was a member or descendants of a person that had been included in the forced removal to Indian Territory, known as the Ross Party.
    3. Not been affiliated with a tribe other than the Cherokee
    4. Been members of the Eastern Cherokee tribe at the time of the treaties of 1835,1836, and 1845 between the United States and Eastern Cherokee.

    There were 45,857 applications filed for about 900,000 claimants. 30,254 of those claimants were entitled to share in the funds. This means nearly 2/3 of all claimants were NOT entitled and therefore rejected.

    A common assumption of those who descend from people who were rejected on the Miller Roll is that their ancestors were Cherokee, but they just couldn't prove it at that time. These families were usually always listed as white in vital records and were never listed in the Cherokee records or on any Cherokee rolls. They simply had no documentation or proof.

    People applied for the Miller Roll who had never heard they were Cherokee before the money or land topic came up. They were suddenly informed by someone that they were Cherokee or related to a specific family and should apply. There were families who had heard they were Indian or "kin" to them, so they applied even though they had never heard what tribe of Indians they might be "kin" to. There were people who were notified by "claim agents" and lawyers that they were entitled to lots of money so they applied. There were people who were told they would be receiving both land and money, so they applied. There were people who applied because they thought they were enrolling in the Eastern Cherokee tribe and then would be entitled to land and money.

    Many of the rejected claimants, for one reason or another, filed a claim believing they were going to come into money. One has to be careful of not basing claim to Cherokee ancestry based on a rejected claim from the Miller Roll. Though these applications often offer a lot of genealogical information, they don't necessarily offer any proof of Cherokee ancestry.



    RECORDS ON THOMAS BAILEY CHRISTIAN

    Source: "Reed and Related Families of Tazewell County, Virginia and McDowell County, West Virginia", by Juanita S Halstead.

    From various records extant today, we have found that Thomas Christian was orphaned and raised by Major Thomas Mastin. We do know that he appears in Tazewell County
    records as early as 1806, and that he owned several tracts of land, making his home on the Sinking Waters in that county. There is a case on record in Augusta County, VA in which Thomas Christian had a suit against John Wray over this land on the Sinking Waters of Tazewell County.

    LAND RECORDS

    Land Grants

    Thomas Christian - 21 Feb 1785
    Montgomery County
    255 a. On Brush Creek, a branch of Bluestone the waters of New River
    Grants No. N, p. 696 [This could be Thomas (13) or Thomas (18) depending on where the Montgomery County border fell. More research needed.]

    Record of the Taxes in Sumner County for the Year 1792
    Thomas Christian, 1 poll, tax 1 pound. Next household is Thomas Mastin.

    Chalkley's Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish there is a lawsuit "Thomas Christian vs. Wray" 23 Jul 1803 which in a nutshell states Joseph Wray obtained certificate by right of settlment in Washington (afterwards Russell) now Tazewell Co. Joseph d. intestate, leaving son John Wray heir-at-law. John Wray sold a piece of land twice - first to Thomas Christian, of Sumner Co, territory south of the Ohio, by deed dated 26 Sep 1794 and then sold it a second time to Craven Belsha who bribed him......it states Thomas Christian was an orphan. Thomas Christian won the case.

    Thomas Christian - 17 Jun 1824
    Tazewell County
    40 a. On Indian Creek
    Grants No. 73, p. 180

    Thomas Christian - 17 Jun 1824
    Tazewell County
    120 a. On Indian Creek
    Grants No. 73, p. 192

    Thomas Christian - 6 Sept 1826
    Tazewell County
    15 a. On Tug River and lower end of his land
    Grants No. 75, p. 274

    Thomas Christian - 10 Jul 1826
    Tazewell County
    58 a. On the Tug fork of Sandy River
    Grants No. 78, p. 228

    Thomas Christian - 21 Mar 1836
    Tazewell County
    77 a. At the mouth of Crain (sic) Creek
    Grants No. 85, p. 403

    Thomas Christian - 1 May 1855
    (of David)
    Tazewell County
    392 a. On Left hand fork of Indian Creek of Clinch
    Grants No. 111, p. 180

    Thomas B. Christian - 1 Jun 1856
    Tazewell County
    140 a. On a ridge dividing waters of Indian Creek from Middle Creek
    Grants No. 112, p. 547



    CENSUS RECORDS

    1820 United States Federal Census
    Name: Thomas Christian
    Home in 1820 (City, County, State): Tazewell, Virginia
    Enumeration Date: August 7, 1820
    Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 2
    Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 18: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2
    Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over : 1
    Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 3
    Free White Persons - Under 16: 4
    Free White Persons - Over 25: 2
    Total Free White Persons: 8
    Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 8

    1830 United States Federal Census
    Name: Thomas Christian
    Home in 1830 (City, County, State): Tazewell, Virginia
    Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2
    Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 2
    Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 2
    Free White Persons - Under 20: 7
    Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
    Total Free White Persons: 10

    1840 United States Federal Census
    Name: Thomas Christian
    Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Tazewell, Virginia
    Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1
    Free White Persons - Males - 60 thru 69: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1
    Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1
    Persons Employed in Agriculture: 2
    No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 2
    Free White Persons - Under 20: 5
    Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
    Total Free White Persons: 8
    Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 8

    1850 United States Federal Census
    Name: Thos Christian
    Age: 80
    Birth Year: abt 1770
    Birthplace: Virginia
    Home in 1850: Western District, Tazewell, Virginia
    Gender: Male
    Family Number: 1170
    Household Members:
    Thos Christian 80
    Mary Christian 40
    Mathias Christian 16
    George Christian 14
    Susana Christian 13
    Sally Christian 10
    Letty Christian 8

    Birth:
    Land is now part of Tazewell Co. VA

    Occupation:
    millwright

    Died:
    Another source for DOD
    Name: Thomas Christian
    Death Date: Dec 1852
    City: Tazewell
    State: VA

    Edmund West, comp.. Family Data Collection - Deaths [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2001.
    The Family Data Collection - Deaths database was created while gathering genealogical data for use in the study of human genetics and disease.

    Thomas married Louisa HARMAN 04 Jun 1793, Wythe Co. VA. Louisa (daughter of Mathias (Tice or Tias) HARMAN, Sr. and Lydia SKAGGS) was born 1776, Strasburg, Orange Co. VA; died 1829, Tazewell Co. VA. [Group Sheet]


  2. 9.  Louisa HARMAN was born 1776, Strasburg, Orange Co. VA (daughter of Mathias (Tice or Tias) HARMAN, Sr. and Lydia SKAGGS); died 1829, Tazewell Co. VA.

    Other Events:

    • _UID: FD53EAC4E21E407DB4F577989D94229E645B

    Notes:

    "Alleghaney Co (VA) Heritage", Hildreth Smith article, page 192.
    Louisa Harman married Thomas B. Christian

    Notes:

    Married:
    U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900
    Name: Thomas Christian
    Gender: Male
    Birth Year: 1770
    Spouse Name: Louisa Harman
    Spouse Birth Year: 1772
    Marriage State: VA
    Number Pages: 1

    Children:
    1. 4. Mastin Harman CHRISTIAN was born 8 Apr 1794, Wythe Co. VA; died 28 Feb 1853, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co VA.
    2. Moses Bailey CHRISTIAN was born 13 May 1795, Wythe Co. VA; died 29 May 1855, Indian Creek, Tazewell Co. VA.
    3. James CHRISTIAN was born Abt 1795, Wythe Co. VA; died Abt 1823, Tazewell Co VA.
    4. Ruth CHRISTIAN was born Abt 1797, Wythe Co. VA; died Bef Dec 1854, Tazewell Co. VA.
    5. David CHRISTIAN was born Abt 1802, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co. VA; died 2 Mar 1861, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co VA.
    6. John CHRISTIAN was born 1804, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co. VA; died Bef 1870, Buchanan Co. VA.
    7. Daniel CHRISTIAN was born Abt 1807, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co. VA; died 21 Dec 1884, Tazewell Co VA.
    8. Nancy Jane CHRISTIAN was born 3 Oct 1812, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co. VA; died 2 Dec 1887, Avondale, McDowell Co., WV; was buried , In a hillside cemetery overlooking the site of the old Reed homestead on Crane Creek in McDowell Co., WVA.
    9. Thomas Scaggs CHRISTIAN was born 2 Oct 1813, Sinking Waters, Tazewell Co. VA; died 28 May 1891, Claypool Branch, Tazewell Co. VA.