Richard (Cropped Hat) Fitz Alan, 10th Earl of Arundel and 8th Earl of Surrey

Notes:

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzAlan,_10th_Earl_of_Arundel

He was an English nobleman and medieval military leader and distinguished admiral. Arundel was one of the wealthiest nobles during the reign of Edward III.

Richard was born in Sussex, England. His birth date was uncertain perhaps 1306 or 1313. FitzAlan was the eldest son of Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel (8th Earl of Arundel per Ancestral Roots), and his wife Alice de Warenne.

Around 1321, FitzAlan's father allied with King Edward II's favourites, Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son, and Richard was married to Isabel le Despenser, daughter of Hugh the Younger. Fortune turned against the Despenser party, and on 17 November 1326, FitzAlan's father was executed, and he did not succeed to his father's estates or titles. However, political conditions had changed by 1330, and over the next few years Richard was gradually able to reacquire the Earldom of Arundel as well as the great estates his father had held in Sussex and in the Welsh Marches.

Arundel spent much of his time fighting in Scotland (during the Second Wars of Scottish Independence) and France (during the Hundred Years' War). In 1337, Arundel was made Joint Commander of the English army in the north, and the next year he was made the sole Commander.

After a short term as Warden of the Scottish Marches, he returned to the continent, where he fought in a number of campaigns, and was appointed Joint Lieutenant of Aquitaine in 1340. The successful conclusion of the Flanders campaign, in which Arundel saw little fighting encouraged the setting up of the Knights of the Round Table attended every Whitsun by 300 great knights. A former guardian of the Prince of Wales, Arundel was also a close friend of Edward III, and one of the four great earls - Derby, Salisbury, Warwick and himself. With Huntingdon and Sir Ralph Neville he was a Keeper of the Tower and guardian to the prince with a garrison of 20 men-at-arms and 50 archers.

Arundel was one of the three principal English commanders at the Battle of Crécy, his experience vital to the outcome of the battle with Suffolk and the bishop of Durham in the rearguard. Throughout he was entrusted by the King as guardian of the young Prince Edward.

In 1347, he succeeded to the Earldom of Surrey (or Warenne), which even further increased his great wealth. (He did not however use the additional title until after the death of the Dowager Countess of Surrey in 1361.) He made very large loans to King Edward III but even so on his death left behind a great sum in hard cash.

He married twice:

Firstly, on 9 February 1321 at Havering-atte-Bower, to Isabel le Despenser (born 1312, living 1356, and may have died circa 1376-7). At that time, the future earl was either eight or fifteen, and his bride nine years old. Later he repudiated this bride, and was granted an annulment by Pope Clement VI in December 1344 on the grounds that he had been underage and unwilling.

However, Isabel's family was politically weak, compared to the family of his second wife. Historians theorize that after Isabel's father was executed, she was suddenly destitute and had no family estate, Richard simply wished to be rid of her.

By this marriage, Richard and Isabel had one son (when Richard was either fourteen or twenty-one, and Isabel fifteen), who was bastardized by the annulment:

1. Sir Edmund de Arundel, knt (b ca 1327; d 1376-1382), bastardized by the annulment. Edmund was nevertheless knighted, married at the age of twenty, in the summer of 1347 Sybil de Montacute [Montagu], a younger daughter of William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury and Catherine Grandison, whose elder sister Elizabeth was married to his maternal uncle, of whom it was said he arranged.

Edmund protested his bastardization bitterly in 1347, but was apparently ignored. After his father's death in 1376, Edmund disputed his half-brother Richard's inheritance of the earldom and associated lands and titles in 1376 and apparently tried to claim the six manors allotted to his deceased mother. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1377, and finally freed through the intervention of two of his brothers-in-law (his wife's brother John de Montacute and the second husband of Elizabeth de Montacute, Lady Le Despencer). They had three daughters who were his co-heiresses and who brought a failed suit in 1382 against their half-uncle the Earl:

a)Elizabeth (or Alice de Arundel, who married Sir Leonard Carew (1343-1369) of Mohuns Ottery in Devon, feudal lord of Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire and lord of the manor of Moulsford in Berkshire. From Alice are descended all the members of the prominent and widespread Carew family, except Carew of Beddington in Surrey, descended from one of Sir Leonard's great-uncles.

b)Philippa de Arundel (died 18 May 1452), who married (as his 2nd wife) Sir Richard Sergeaux, Knt, of Colquite, Cornwall. A Victorian historical novel ascribes the following five children to her: Richard, born 21 December 1376, and died childless, 24 June 1396; Elizabeth, born 1379, wife of Sir William Marny; Philippa, born 1381, wife of Robert Passele; Alice, born at Kilquyt, 1 September 1384, wife of Guy de Saint Albino; Joan, born 1393, died 21 February 1400. "Philippa became a widow, 30 September 1393, and died 13 September 1399."

c)Alice Sergeaux, later Countess of Oxford (c. 1386-18 May 1452), who married 1stly Guy de St Aubyn of St. Erme, Cornwall, and 2ndly about 1406-7 (as his 2nd wife) the 11th Earl of Oxford and widower of Alice de Holand (dsp. 1406, niece of Henry IV), and was the mother of two sons by him
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford and Robert de Vere, whose grandson, John, became the 15th Earl of Oxford.

2. Katherine de Arundel, who married Robert Deincourt.

Secondly on 5 April 1345 he married Eleanor of Lancaster, a young widow, the second youngest daughter and sixth child of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth. By Papal dispensation he was allowed to marry his first wife's first cousin by their common grandmother Isabella de Beauchamp. Eleanor was the widow of John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont. The second marriage may have been a love marriage (there is some evidence that the widowed Eleanor became the earl's mistress on a pilgrimage circa 1343), or Richard may have been waiting to obtain a suitable high-born wife with royal connections.

The king, Edward III, himself a kinsman of both wives, attended this second marriage. By now, the Earl of Arundel had rebuilt the family wealth and was apparently a major financier of the Crown, and financial sweeteners may have been used to reconcile both the Church and the Crown. By this second marriage 5 February 1345, Richard and Eleanor had 3 sons and 3 surviving daughters:

1. Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, who was his son and heir; succeeded him 10th Earl of Arundel.

2.John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel, 1st Baron Maltravers, who was a Marshall of England, and drowned in 1379.

3. Thomas Arundel, who became Archbishop of Canterbury

4. Lady Joan FitzAlan (1348-7 April 1419) who married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford. They were the maternal grandparents of Henry V of England through their daughter Mary de Bohun.

5. Lady Alice FitzAlan (1350-17 March 1416), who married Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, matrilinear brother of King Richard II.

6.Lady Eleanor Fitzalan (1356-before 1366).

Richard died on 24 January 1376 at Arundel Castle, aged either 70 or 63, and was buried in Lewes Priory. He wrote his will on 5 December 1375. In his will, he mentioned his three surviving sons by his second wife, his two surviving daughters Joan, Dowager Countess of Hereford and Alice, Countess of Kent, his grandchildren by his second son John, etc., but left out his bastardized eldest son Edmund.

Richard requested to be buried "near to the tomb of Eleanor de Lancaster, my wife; and I desire that my tomb be no higher than hers, that no men at arms, horses, hearse, or other pomp, be used at my funeral, but only five torches...as was about the corpse of my wife, be allowed."

In his will Richard asked his heirs to be responsible for building FitzAlan Chapel, which was duly erected by his successor. The memorial effigies depicting Richard FitzAlan and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster in Chichester Cathedral.

FitzAlan died an incredibly wealthy man, despite his various loans to Edward III, leaving £60,000 in cash [today's currency value of £118.6 billion]. He had been as astute in business, as he had in diplomatic politics. He was a cautious man, and wisely saved his estate for future generations.



Buried:
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Richard married Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel 09 Feb 1321, Havering-atte-Bower, London Borough of Havering, England. Isabel (daughter of Hugh le Despenser, The Younger and Eleanor de la Clare, Lady of Glamorgan) was born 1312, England; died 1356, Herefordshire, England; was buried , Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet]

1. Sir Edmund Fitz Alan was born ca 1327, Surrey, England; died 1376-1382.

Other Events:

• _UID: C165EBA5F3944BF5AE3C8B09562E99263E3E

Notes:

He was beheaded.

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Edmund married Alice DE WARREN 1305, Arundel, Sussex, England. Alice (daughter of William de Warrene, Earl of Surrey and Joan de Vere) was born 15 Jun 1287, Warren, Sussex, England; died 23 May 1338, Arundel Arun District West Sussex, England; was buried , Haughmond Abbey Shrewsbury Shropshire Unitary Authority Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• _UID: EE0ACBB7019F4586BB04C32BA4F1CB22149C

Notes:

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Warenne,_Countess_of_Arundel

Alice, the only daughter of William de Warenne (1256-1286) and Joan de Vere, daughter of Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford, was born on 15 June 1287 in Warren, Sussex, six months after her father was accidentally killed in a tournament on 15 December 1286.

On the death of her paternal grandfather, John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey in 1304, her only sibling John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey succeeded to the earldom. He became estranged from his childless wife and they never reconciled, leaving Alice as the heir presumptive to the Surrey estates and title.

In 1305, Alice married Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel, the son of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel and Alice of Saluzzo.

Edmund and his brother-in-law John de Warenne were the only nobles who remained loyal to King Edward II, after Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March returned to England in 1326. He had allied himself to the King's favourite Hugh le Despenser, and agreed to the marriage of his son to Despenser's granddaughter. Arundel had previously been granted many of the traitor Mortimer's forfeited estates, and was appointed Justice of Wales in 1322 and Warden of the Welsh Marches in 1325. He was also made Constable of Montgomery Castle which became his principal base.

Her husband was captured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. On 17 November 1326 in Hereford, Arundel was beheaded by order of the Queen, leaving Alice de Warenne a widow. Her husband's estates and titles were forfeited to the Crown following Arundel's execution, but later restored to her eldest son, Richard.

Alice died before 23 May 1338,[aged 50. Her brother died in 1347 without legitimate issue, thus the title of Surrey eventually passed to Alice's son, Richard.

CHILDREN

Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, known as Copped Hat.

Edward FitzAlan (1308?1398)

Alice FitzAlan (born 1310), married John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford.

Joan FitzAlan (born 1312), married Warin Gerard, Baron L'Isle.

Aline FitzAlan (1314?1386), married Roger le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Knockyn, by whom she had issue.
John FitzAlan (born 1315)

Catherine FitzAlan (died 1376), married firstly Andrew Peverell, and secondly Henry Hussey of Cockfield. Had issue by her second husband.

Elizabeth FitzAlan (1320?1389), married William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, by whom she had one daughter, Elizabeth.
Eleanor FitzAlan



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Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzAlan,_8th_Earl_of_Arundel

He was the son of John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel and Isabella Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore and Maud de Braose. His paternal grandparents were John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel and Maud le Botiller.

Richard was feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches and was knighted by King Edward I of England in 1289.

He fought in the Welsh wars, 1288 to 1294, when the Welsh castle of Castell y Bere (near modern-day Towyn) was besieged by Madog ap Llywelyn. He commanded the force sent to relieve the siege and he also took part in many other campaigns in Wales ; also in Gascony 1295-97; and furthermore in the Scottish wars, 1298-300.

Richard and his mother are buried together in the sanctuary of Haughmond Abbey, long closely associated with the FitzAlan family.

He married sometime before 1285, Alice of Saluzzo (also known as Alesia di Saluzzo), daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo in Italy. Their children were:

1. Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.

2. John, a priest.

3. Alice FitzAlan, married Stephen de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave.

4. Margaret FitzAlan, married William le Botiller (or Butler).

5. Eleanor FitzAlan, married Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy.


Buried:
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Richard married Alesia (Alice) di Saluzzo, Countess of Arundel. Alesia (daughter of Tommaso (Thomas) I di Saluzzo, Marquess of Saluzzo and Luigia di Ceva, Marquise of Saluzzo) was born 18 May 1269, Saluzzo, Piedmont, Italy; died 25 Sep 1292, Arundel West Sussex, England; was buried , Haughmond Abbey Shrewsbury Shropshire Unitary Authority Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_of_Saluzzo,_Countess_of_Arundel

She was an Italian-born noblewoman and an English countess. She was a daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo, and the wife of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel. Alice was one of the first Italian women to marry into an English noble family. She assumed the title of Countess of Arundel in 1289.

Alesia was born on an unknown date in Saluzzo (present-day Province of Cuneo, Piedmont); the second eldest daughter of Thomas I, 4th Margrave of Saluzzo, and Luigia di Ceva (died 22 August 1291/1293), daughter of Giorgio, Marquis of Ceva and Menzia d'Este. Alesia had fifteen siblings. Her father was a very wealthy and cultured nobleman.

Saluzzo included the territory lying between the Alps, the Po and the Stura, and was extended on several occasions. In the Middle Ages it had a checkered existence, often being in conflict with powerful neighbors, chiefly the Counts (later Dukes) of Savoy.

Sometime before 1285, Alice married Richard Fitzalan, feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches, the son of John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel and Isabella Mortimer. Richard would succeed to the title of Earl of Arundel in 1289, thus making Alice the 8th Countess of Arundel. Her marriage had been arranged by the late King Henry III's widowed Queen consort Eleanor of Provence.

Richard and Alice's principal residence was Marlborough Castle in Wiltshire, but Richard also held Arundel Castle in Sussex and the castles of Clun and Oswestry in Shropshire. Her husband was knighted by King Edward I in 1289, and fought in the Welsh Wars (1288?1294), and later in the Scottish Wars. The marriage produced four children:

1. Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel (1 May 1285- 17 November 1326 by execution), married Alice de Warenne, by whom he had children.

2. John Fitzalan, a priest

3. Alice Fitzalan (died 7 September 1340), married Stephen de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave, by whom she had children.

4. Margaret Fitzalan, married William le Botiller, by whom she had children.

5. Eleanor Fitzalan, married Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy, by whom she had children.

Alice died on 25 September 1292 and was buried in Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire. Her husband Richard died on Sep 3, 1301 and was buried alongside Alice. In 1341, provision was made for twelve candles to be burned beside their tombs. The Abbey is now a ruin as the result of a fire during the English Civil War.

Her many descendants included the Dukes of Norfolk, the English queen consorts of Henry VIII, Sir Winston Churchill, Diana, Princess of Wales, and the current British Royal Family.

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Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Warenne_(1256-1286)

He was the only son of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey and his wife Alice de Lusignan and married Joan, daughter of Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford. They had the following children: John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey (30 June 1286-June 1347) Alice de Warenne (15 June 1287 - 23 May 1338), wife of Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel. William was killed in a tournament at Croydon in 1286, predeceasing his father. It has been suggested that this was murder, planned in advance by William's enemies. On the 5th Earl's death the title went to John, the only son of William. John died without legitimate children, so on his death the title passed to Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, eldest son of Edmund FitzAlan and John' sister Alice.

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William married Joan de Vere. Joan was born ca 1265, Oxfordshire, England; died 23 Nov 1293, East Sussex, England; was buried , Lewes Priory Lewes Lewes District East Sussex, England. [Group Sheet]

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Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_I,_Marquess_of_Saluzzo

He was the fourth Marquess of Saluzzo from 1244 to his death. He succeeded his father Manfred III. Under the reign of Thomas, Saluzzo blossomed, achieving a greatness which had eluded his ancestors. He crafted a state the borders of which remained unchanged for over two centuries.

Saluzzo included the territory lying between the Alps, the Po and the Stura, and was extended on several occasions. In the Middle Ages it had a checkered existence, often being in conflict with powerful neighbors, chiefly the Counts (later Dukes) of Savoy.

He was a prime enemy of Charles of Anjou and his Italian pretentions. During his tenure, he made Saluzzo a free city, giving it a podestà to govern in his name. He defended his castles and roccaforti (strongholds) vigorously and built many new ones in the cities.

He married Luisa of Ceva.

He was succeeded by his son Manfred IV. Thomas also had a daughter, Alice of Saluzzo, who married Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel.

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Tommaso married Luigia di Ceva, Marquise of Saluzzo. Luigia died 22 August 1291/1293, Italy; was buried , Abbazia di Santa Maria di Staffarda, Revello, Provincia di Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_of_Saluzzo,_Countess_of_Arundel

Alesia was born on an unknown date in Saluzzo (present-day Province of Cuneo, Piedmont); the second eldest daughter of Thomas I, 4th Margrave of Saluzzo, and Luigia di Ceva (died 22 August 1291/1293), daughter of Giorgio, Marquis of Ceva and Menzia d'Este. Alesia had fifteen siblings. Her father was a very wealthy and cultured nobleman.

Notes:

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Warenne,_6th_Earl_of_Surrey

He was a prominent English nobleman and military commander during the reigns of Henry III of England and Edward I of England. During the Second Barons' War he switched sides twice, ending up in support of the king, for whose capture he was present at Lewes in 1264. Warenne was later appointed a Guardian of Scotland and featured prominently in Edward I's wars in Scotland.

During the conflicts between Henry III and his barons, Warenne started as a strong supporter of the king, switched to support for Simon de Montfort, and then returned to the royalist party.

On 22 August 1296, the king appointed him "warden of the kingdom and land of Scotland". However Warenne returned to England a few months later claiming that the Scottish climate was bad for his health. The following spring saw the rebellion of William Wallace, Warenne was ordered to lead his army North by the King after initially refusing to return to Scotland. He was defeated by Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge and fled to York. Nevertheless the king appointed Warenne captain of the next campaign against the Scots in early 1298. He raised the siege of Roxburgh and re-took the town of Berwick. The king himself took the field later that year, and Warenne was one of the commanders during the decisive English victory at Falkirk.

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John married Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey. Alice (daughter of Hugh, Seigneur de Lusignan, X, Count of La Marche and Angoulême and Isabel d'Angoulême, Countess of Angoulême) was born 1224, Lusignan, Poitou, France; died 09 Feb 1256, Warren, Sussex, England; was buried , Lewes Priory Lewes Lewes District East Sussex, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Lusignan,_Countess_of_Surrey

Alice was a member of the House of Lusignan, the second eldest daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Isabella of Angoulême, queen dowager of England as the widow of King John.

She was a half-sister of King Henry III of England. Shortly after her arrival in England from France in 1247, her half-brother arranged her marriage to the John de Warrene. the Earl of Surrey, which incurred some resentment from the English nobility.

The marriage caused some resentment among the English nobility, as they considered the King's Lusignan siblings to be parasites and a liability to the Kingdom. Many prestigious honours and titles were granted to the Lusignans. Alice was also said to have been disdainful of all things English.



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