Hugh II Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Bigod,_3rd_Earl_of_Norfolk

He was a member of the powerful early Norman Bigod family and was for a short time the 3rd Earl of Norfolk. Born ca. 1182, Hugh the eldest son of Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk by his wife Ida de Tosny.

In 1215 he was one of the twenty-five sureties of Magna Carta of King John. He succeeded to his father?s estates (including Framlingham Castle) in 1221.

In late 1206 or early 1207, Hugh married Maud Marshal (1192 -27 March 1248), daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1147-1219), Marshal of England, by his wife Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke. They had four, or possibly five, children:

1. Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (c.?1209-1270), died without progeny.

2. Hugh Bigod (1211-1266), Justiciar of England. Married Joan de Stuteville, by whom he had issue.

3. Isabel Bigod (c. 1212-1250), married twice: Firstly to Gilbert de Lacy, by whom she had children; Secondly to John FitzGeoffrey, Lord of Shere, by whom she had children, including Maud FitzJohn, and Joan FitzJohn who married Theobald le Botiller, and from whom descended the Irish Earls of Ormond.

4. Ralph Bigod (born c. 1215)

Hugh died on 18 Feb 1225. Very soon after Hugh's death, his widow Maud remarried William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.




Buried:
Grave location, cemetery photo, and biography:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=99492888

Hugh married Maude Marshal, Countess of Norfolk, Countess of Surrey. Maude (daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare) was born 1192, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died 27 Mar 1248, Tintern, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried , Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet]

1. Isabel Bigod was born ca 1210, Norfolk, England; died ca 1250, Norfolk, England; was buried , Shouldham Priory Shouldham, Norfolk, England.

Notes:

Wkipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bigod,_2nd_Earl_of_Norfolk

He was the son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk and his first wife, Juliana de Vere. Although his father died 1176 or 1177, Roger did not succeed to the earldom of Norfolk until 1189 for his claim had been disputed by his stepmother for her sons by Earl Hugh in the reign of Henry II.

Richard I confirmed him in his earldom and other honours, and also sent him as an ambassador to France in the same year. Roger inherited his father's office as royal steward. He took part in the negotiations for the release of Richard from prison, and after the king's return to England became a justiciar.

During the Revolt of 1173-74, Roger remained loyal to the king while his father sided with the king's rebellious sons. In most of the years of the reign of King John, the earl was frequently with the king or on royal business. Yet Roger was to be one of the leaders of the baronial party which obtained John's assent to Magna Carta, and his name and that of his son and heir Hugh II appear among the twenty-five barons who were to ensure the king's adherence to the terms of that document.

Around Christmas 1181, Roger married Ida, apparently Ida de Tosny (or Ida de Toesny), and by her had a number of children including:

1. Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk who married in 1206/ 1207, Maud, a daughter of William Marshal

2. William Bigod

3.Ralph Bigod

4. Roger Bigod

5. Margery, married William de Hastings

6. Mary Bigod, married Ralph fitz Robert

Buried:
Grave location, biography, and priory photo:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=69748517

Roger married Ida de Tosny, Countess of Norfolk. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_de_Tosny

She was very likely a daughter of Ralph V de Tosny (died 1162) and his wife Margaret (born circa 1125 and living in 1185), a daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Ida de Tosny was a royal ward and mistress of Henry II, King of England, by whom she was mother of one of his illegitimate sons, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, (b c. 1176-March 7, 1226), as proven by the discovery of a charter of William mentioning "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (Countess Ida, my mother).

Around Christmas 1181, Ida de Tosny was given in marriage to Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk by Henry II, together with the manors of Acle, Halvergate and South Walsham, which had been confiscated from his inheritance after his father's death (Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk).[4] Ida and Roger had a number of children including:

1. Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk who married in 1206 or 1207, Maud Marshal, a daughter of William Marshal

2. William Bigod

3. Roger Bigod

4. John Bigod

5. Ralph Bigod

6. Mary Bigod, married Ralph fitz Robert

7. Margery Bigod, married William de Hastings

8. Ida Bigod

The names of the children of Roger Bigod and Ida de Tosny can be found in the Durham Liber Vitae as discussed by Rosie Bevan in her article, "The Durham Liber Vitae:some reflections on its significance as a genealogical resource," Foundations July 2005 1:6, 414-424.

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Bigod,_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk

He was the second son of Roger Bigod (also known as Roger Bigot) (d. 1107), sheriff of Norfolk and royal advisor, and Adeliza, daughter of Robert de Tosny.

After the death of his elder brother William, who perished without issue in the sinking of the White Ship on 26 November 1120, Hugh was allowed to inherit his brother's office of royal steward and many estates in East Anglia. He also succeeded his aunt Albreda, heiress of her brother Berengar de Tosny, with lands in Yorkshire and in Normandy. Hugh became Constable of Norwich Castle in 1122.

Hugh initially supported Stephen of Blois as king of England. On the death of Henry I in 1135, his nephew Stephen usurped the throne, despite the oath Stephen and the barons had sworn to accept Henry's daughter Empress Matilda as his successor. It was Bigod who asserted that, in his last days, Henry I had named Stephen to become king at the expense of his daughter Matilda. Civil war resulted when, in 1139 Matilda, commanded the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm.

Bigod fought on Stephen's side in the First Battle of Lincoln, after which the Earl deserted the captured king. In July of that year he was granted the earldom of Norfolk by the Empress Matilda but he appears to have assumed a position of armed neutrality during the civil war, rather than actively siding with the supporters of the empress.

Five years later, in 1153, when Henry, Duke of Normandy, soon to be King Henry II (r. 1154-1189), landed in England to assert his claim to the throne, Bigod held out in Ipswich against Stephen's forces, while Henry II, on the other side, laid siege to Stamford. Both places fell to Stephen. In the critical state of his fortunes, however, Stephen was in no position to punish the rebel earl. Negotiations between the two parties resulted in Henry's recognition as Stephen's heir and Hugh eluded retaliation.

On Henry II's accession to the throne in December 1154, Bigod received confirmation of the possession of his earldom and office of royal steward. It was not before long that Bigod became agitated under the rule of law initiated by Henry and he grew restless. In 1157 Henry II marched into the eastern counties and received the earl's submission.

In 1173 the young Crown Prince Henry (also known as Henry the Young King), raised a revolt against his father, Henry II. This gave Hugh Bigod yet another chance for rebellion, along with the league of the English barons and the kings of France and Scotland in his favour. He at once became a leader in the cause, perhaps eager to revive the feudal power, which Henry II had curtailed.

Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester (d.1190) landed at Walton, in Suffolk, on 29 September 1173 and marched to Framlingham, joining forces with Hugh. Together they besieged and took the castle of Hagenet, but the Earl of Leicester was defeated and taken prisoner setting out from Framlingham at the Battle of Fornham. Other barons then turned their arms against Earl Hugh, who, not being strong enough to fight, opened negotiations with his assailants. It is said he bought them off, and at the same time secured a safe passage home for the Flemish mercenaries in his service.

Though defeated and compelled to surrender his castles, Bigod kept his lands and his earldom, and lived at peace with Henry II until his death reportedly in 1177 in the Holy Land.

It should be noted, however, that on 1 March 1177, his son Roger Bigod appealed to the king on a dispute with his stepmother. Hugh being dead at the time of Roger's appeal, the date of his father's death is fixed 'ante caput jejunii', (i.e. before 9 March). If, then, he died in Palestine, his death must have taken place in the preceding year, 1176, to allow time for the arrival of the news in England. Henry II took advantage of Roger's appeal to seize upon the late Earl's treasure. Earl Hugh had possessed vast estates, which he inherited, and was also the recipient of the third penny of judicial fines levied in the county of Norfolk by right of his earldom.

Bigod married first Juliane de Vere (died c. 1199), probably born in Essex, England. She was the daughter of Aubrey de Vere II and Adeliza de Clare, the daughter of Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Clare. The marriage was dissolved before 1156. They had one son, Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk.

He married second Gundreda (c.1135-1200), daughter of Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick. They had two children:

1. Hugh Bigod (b. c. 1156)

2. William Hugh Bigod (b. 1168)

Hugh married Juliane de Vere. Juliane (daughter of Aubrey de Vere, II and Adeliza de Clare) was born , Essex, England; died ca 1199, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Bigod,_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk

Bigod married firstly to Juliane de Vere (died c. 1199), probably born in Essex, England. She was the daughter of Aubrey de Vere II and Adeliza de Clare, the daughter of Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Clare. The marriage was dissolved before 1156. They had one son, Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk. He married Ida de Tosny, and had children.

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_de_Tosny

Ida de Tosny, Countess of Norfolk was very likely a daughter of Ralph V de Tosny (died 1162) and his wife Margaret (born circa 1125 and living in 1185), a daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester

In 1121, royal favor brought Robert the great Norman honors with his marriage to Amice de Montfort, daughter of Raoul II de Montfort, himself a son of Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia. Both families had lost their English inheritances through rebellion in 1075. They had four children:

1. Hawise de Beaumont, who married William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and had descendants.

2. Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester who married Petronilla de Grandmesnil and had descendants.

3. Isabel, who married: Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and had descendants.

4. Margaret, who married Ralph V de Toeni and had descendants through their daughter, Ida de Tosny.

Ralph married Margaret de Beaumont. Margaret (daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester and Amice de Montfort) was born ca 1125; died Aft 1185. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_de_Tosny

Ida de Tosny, Countess of Norfolk was very likely a daughter of Ralph V de Tosny (died 1162) and his wife Margaret (born circa 1125 and living in 1185), a daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester.

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester

In 1121, royal favor brought Robert the great Norman honors with his marriage to Amice de Montfort, daughter of Raoul II de Montfort, himself a son of Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia. Both families had lost their English inheritances through rebellion in 1075. They had four children:

1. Hawise de Beaumont, who married William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and had descendants.

2. Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester who married Petronilla de Grandmesnil and had descendants.

3. Isabel, who married: Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and had descendants.

4. Margaret, who married Ralph V de Toeni and had descendants through their daughter, Ida de Tosny.

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_de_Vere_II

He was the second of that name in England after the Norman Conquest, being the eldest surviving son of Aubrey de Vere and his wife Beatrice.

Aubrey served as one of the king's chamberlains and as a justiciar under kings Henry I and Stephen. Henry I also appointed him as sheriff of London and Essex and co-sheriff with Richard Basset of eleven counties. In June 1133, that king awarded the office of master chamberlain to Aubrey and his heirs. A frequent witness of royal charters for Henry I and Stephen, he appears to have accompanied Henry to Normandy only once. In May 1141, during the English civil war, Aubrey was killed by a London mob and was buried in the family mausoleum at Colne Priory, Essex.

His eldest son, another Aubrey de Vere, was later created Earl of Oxford, and his descendants held that title and the office that in later centuries was known as Lord Great Chamberlain until the extinction of the Vere male line in 1703.

His wife Adeliza, daughter of Gilbert fitz Richard of Clare, survived her husband for twenty-two years. For most of that time she was a paid pensioner at St. Osyth's Priory, Chichester, Essex.

Their known children are:

1. Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford (married 1. Beatrice, countess of Guisnes, 2. Eufemia, 3. Agnes of Essex)

2. Rohese de Vere, Countess of Essex (married 1. Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, 2. Payn de Beauchamp)

3.Robert (married 1. Matilda de Furnell, 2. Margaret daughter of Baldwin Wake)

4. Alice "of Essex" (married 1. Robert of Essex, 2. Roger fitz Richard)

5. Geoffrey (married 1. widow of Warin fitz Gerold, 2. Isabel de Say)

6. Juliana Countess of Norfolk (married 1. Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, 2. Walkelin Maminot)

7. William de Vere, Bishop of Hereford (1186-1198)

8. Gilbert, prior of the Knights Hospitaller in England (1195-1197)

9. a daughter (name unknown) who married Roger de Ramis.

Buried:
Grave location, biography, and cemetery photo:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=74123348

Aubrey married Adeliza de Clare. Adeliza (daughter of Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare, 2nd Lord of Clare and Adeliza de Clermont) was born ca 1091, Essex, England; died 1163, Essex, England; was buried , St Osyths Priory, Essex, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_de_Vere_II

The eldest son, another Aubrey de Vere, was later created Earl of Oxford, and his descendants held that title and the office that in later centuries was known as Lord Great Chamberlain until the extinction of the Vere male line in 1703.

Aubrey's wife Adeliza, daughter of Gilbert fitz Richard of Clare, survived her husband for twenty-two years. For most of that time she was a paid pensioner at St. Osyth's Priory, Chichester, Essex.

Their known children are:

1. Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford (married 1. Beatrice, countess of Guisnes, 2. Eufemia, 3. Agnes of Essex)

2. Rohese de Vere, Countess of Essex (married 1. Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, 2. Payn de Beauchamp)

3. Robert (married 1. Matilda de Furnell, 2. Margaret daughter of Baldwin Wake)

4. Alice "of Essex" (married 1. Robert of Essex, 2. Roger fitz Richard)

5. Geoffrey (married 1. widow of Warin fitz Gerold, 2. Isabel de Say)

6. Juliana Countess of Norfolk (married 1. Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk, 2. Walkelin Maminot)

7. William de Vere, Bishop of Hereford (1186-1198)

8. Gilbert, prior of the Knights Hospitaller in England (1195-1197)


9. a daughter (name unknown) who married Roger de Ramis.

Buried:
Grave location, photos of priory, and biography:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=74171052

Notes:

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester

The only known contemporary surname applied to him is "Robert son of Count Robert." Henry Knighton, the fourteenth-century chronicler notes him as Robert "Le Bossu" (meaning "Robert the Hunchback" in French). Early genealogists gave him the surname of de Beaumont.

Robert was an English nobleman of Norman-French ancestry. He was the son of Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan and 1st Earl of Leicester, and Elizabeth de Vermandois. He was the twin of Waleran de Beaumont. It is not known whether they were identical or fraternal twins, but the fact that they are remarked on by contemporaries as twins indicates that they were probably identical.

The two brothers, Robert and Waleran, were adopted into the royal household shortly after their father's death in June 1118. Robert inherited his father's second titles of Earl of Leicester in England, and his twin brother inherited the French lands and titles . Their lands on either side of the Channel were committed to a group of guardians, led by their stepfather, William, Earl of Warenne or Surrey.

He was literate, which was rare for the times. A surviving treatise on astronomy in the British Library carries a dedication "to Earl Robert of Leicester, that man of affairs and profound learning, most accomplished in matters of law" who can only be this Robert. On his death he left his own psalter to the abbey he founded at Leicester, which was still in its library in the late fifteenth century.

In 1121, royal favor brought Robert the great Norman honors with his marriage to Amice de Montfort, daughter of Raoul II de Montfort, himself a son of Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia. Both families had lost their English inheritances through rebellion in 1075. They had four children:

1. Hawise de Beaumont, who married William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and had descendants.

2. Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester who married Petronilla de Grandmesnil and had descendants.

3. Isabel, who married: Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and had descendants.

4. Margaret, who married Ralph V de Toeni and had descendants through their daughter, Ida de Tosny.


Robert spent a good deal of his time and resources over the next decade integrating the troublesome and independent barons of Breteuil into the greater complex of his estates.
He also held lands throughout the England. In the 1120s and 1130s he tried to manage his estates in Leicestershire. His block of estates were in the central midlands, bounded by Nuneaton, Loughborough, Melton Mowbray and Market Harborough.

In 1135, the twins were present at King Henry's deathbed. Robert's actions in the succession period are unknown, but he clearly supported his brother's decision to join the court of the new king Stephen. During the first two years of the reign Robert is found in Normandy fighting rival claimants for his honor of Breteuil. He added the castle of Pont St-Pierre to his Norman estates in June 1136, and at the end of 1137 Robert and his brother were increasingly caught up in the politics of the court of King Stephen in England.

The outbreak of civil war in England in September 1139 brought Robert into conflict with Earl Robert of Gloucester, the illegitimate son of Henry I and principal sponsor of the Empress Matilda. His port of Wareham and estates in Dorset were seized by Gloucester, but the king awarded Robert the city and castle of Hereford as a bid to establish the earl as his lieutenant in Herefordshire, which was in revolt.

The battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141 saw the capture and imprisonment of King Stephen. Robert's brother, Count Waleran, valiantly continued the royalist fight in England into the summer, he eventually capitulated to the Empress and crossed back to Normandy to make his peace with the Empress's husband, Geoffrey of Anjou. Robert was in Normandy attempting to stem the Angevin invasion, and negotiated the terms of his brother's surrender. He quit Normandy soon after and his Norman estates from his wife were confiscated and used to reward Norman followers of the Empress.

Robert remained on his estates in England for the remainder of King Stephen's reign. Although he was a nominal supporter of the king, his principal activity between 1141 and 1149 was his private war with Ranulf II, Earl of Chester. Though details are obscure it seems clear enough that he waged a dogged war with his rival that in the end secured him control of northern Leicestershire and the strategic Chester castle of Mountsorrel.

The arrival in England of Duke Henry, son of the Empress Matilda, in January 1153 was a great opportunity for Earl Robert. He was probably in negotiation with Henry in that spring and reached an agreement by which he would defect to him. Duke Henry restored Robert's Norman estates. The duke celebrated his Pentecost court at Leicester in June 1153, and he and the earl were constantly in company till the peace settlement between the duke and the king at Winchester in November 1153. Earl Robert crossed with the Duke to Normandy in January 1154 and resumed his Norman castles and honors. As part of the settlement his claim to be chief steward of England and Normandy was recognized by Henry.

Earl Robert began his career as chief justiciar [modern equivalent of a prime minister] of England probably as soon as Duke Henry succeeded as King Henry II in October 1154. The office gave the earl supervision of the administration and legal process in England whether the king was present or absent in the realm. He filled the office for nearly fourteen years until his death, and earned the respect of the emerging Angevin bureaucracy in England.

He died on 5 April 1168, probably at his Northamptonshire castle of Brackley, for his entrails were buried at the hospital in the town. He was buried to the north of the high altar of the great abbey he had founded {Leicester Abbey], and built. He left a written testament of which his son the third earl was an executor, as we learn in a reference dating to 1174.


Buried:
Grave location, biography, and photo of abbey ruins:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=85194743

Robert married Amice de Montfort. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

ANCESTRY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_de_Gael#Revolt_of_the_Earls

Ralph de Gaël [her grandfather] married, in 1075 at Exning, Cambridgeshire, Emma, only daughter of William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford and his first wife Alice or Adelise (or Adelissa), daughter of Roger I of Tosny. Their offspring were:

1. William de Gael, [her uncle] succeeded his father as Seigneur de Gael. He claimed Breteuil after the death of his uncle William de Breteuil, but died shortly thereafter, according to Orderic Vitalis.

2. Raoul II de Gael, [her father] seigneur of Gael and Montfort. By 1119, he had obtained the honour of Breteuil in Normandy (his uncle William de Breteuil died 1103 without any legitimate issue).The Complete Peerage claims that his descendants in the male line continued to hold his estates in Brittany, acquiring Laval and Vitré in the 15th century with the marriage of the heiress of Montmorency-Laval, but such a male-line descent hasn't been traced. He had only one child by his wife, Amice (Amicia) (d. c. 31 August 1168) was initially betrothed to Richard, illegitimate son of Henry I and his mistress Ansfrida, but her betrothed died on the White Ship disaster in November 1120. She was then married to the King's ward Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, second (twin) son of Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan.

3. Alain de Gael, [uncle] who went with his parents on the First Crusade and died in the Holy Land

CHILDREN

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_2nd_Earl_of_Leicester

He [Robert de Beaumont] married after 1120 Amice de Montfort, daughter of Raoul II de Montfort, himself a son of Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia. Both families had lost their English inheritances through rebellion in 1075. They had four children:

1. Hawise de Beaumont, who married William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and had descendants.

2.Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester who married Petronilla de Grandmesnil and had descendants.

3.Isabel, who married: Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and had descendants.

4. Margaret, who married Ralph V de Toeni and had descendants through their daughter, Ida de Tosny.